Kukula kwaukadaulo wakubowola makamaka kumadalira zida zowongolera zolimba.Mawotchi olimba kulamulira ndi ulalo wofunika kusunga ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yabwino pobowola matope, ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za luso ochiritsira pobowola.
Pobowola matope, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito amatope komanso kulowera kwamakina kumapitilira ma microns 15, omwe amawerengera pafupifupi 70% ya zolimba zonse.Anthu amayesa kuchotsa nthawi iliyonse pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina zogwira mtima kwambiri.Ndi chitukuko cha luso pobowola, zofunika ntchito matope ndi apamwamba ndi apamwamba.Zochita zatsimikizira kuti ukadaulo wowongolera magwiridwe antchito amatope powongolera zolimba zamatope wapanga ukadaulo wofunikira wothandizira pobowola matope, womwe umagwirizana kwambiri ndi kukhazikika kwachitsime ndikuwongolera liwiro la kubowola.Kuti mupereke matope apamwamba kwambiri pobowola, m'pofunika kukhala ndi zida zokwanira komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito zoyeretsera matope, zomwe ndi chitsimikizo chosungira matope oyendetsa bwino kwambiri.
The olimba gawo pobowola madzimadzi ndi matope akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi ntchito zawo: mmodzi ndi zothandiza olimba gawo, monga bentonite, mankhwala wothandizila mankhwala, barite ufa, etc. Wina ndi wopanda pake olimba, monga pobowola cuttings, osauka. bentonite, mchenga, etc.
Otchedwa olimba gawo ulamuliro pobowola madzimadzi ndi kuthetsa zoipa olimba gawo ndi kusunga zothandiza olimba gawo kukwaniritsa zofunika pobowola luso pa ntchito pobowola madzimadzi.Nthawi zambiri, kuwongolera kolimba kwamadzi obowola kumatchedwa kuwongolera kolimba.
Kufunika kolamulira kolimba kumaperekedwa chisamaliro.Zakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza mwachindunji kubowola kotetezeka, kwapamwamba komanso kothandiza komanso kuteteza malo osungiramo mafuta ndi gasi.Kuwongolera kolimba ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakubowola bwino.Kuwongolera bwino kolimba kumatha kupereka zofunikira pakubowola kwasayansi.Kuwongolera koyenera kwa gawo lolimba kumatha kuteteza posungira mafuta ndi gasi, kuchepetsa torque yobowola ndi kukangana, kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa annulus suction, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kukakamira kosiyana, kukonza liwiro lobowola, kukulitsa moyo wa kubowola, kuchepetsa kuvala kwa zida ndi mapaipi, kusintha moyo wa magawo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chobowola madzimadzi, kukulitsa kukhazikika kwa chitsime, kukonza malo osungira, kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wamadzimadzi obowola.Deta yowerengera yam'munda ikuwonetsa kuti m'malo otsika osalimba, kuchuluka kwa makina olowera kumatha kuonjezeredwa ndi pafupifupi 8% pakuchepetsa kwa 1% kolimba kwamadzi obowola (ofanana ndi 0.01 kuchepa kwa kachulukidwe kamadzimadzi obowola).Zitha kuwoneka kuti phindu la kulamulira kolimba ndilofunika kwambiri.
Kukhalapo kwa olimba kwambiri opanda pake m'matope ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chobisika chowononga ntchito yamadzimadzi obowola, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa malowedwe ndikubweretsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana zapansi.Muzochita zanthawi yayitali komanso kafukufuku wopitilira, anthu atsimikiza kuti gawo lolimba lopanda ntchito m'matope lidzabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa pakubowola.
Kulimba kolimba kwamatope, mphamvu yokoka yokulirapo, komanso kuchuluka kwa kutsika kwapansi kwa dzenje kumawonjezera mphamvu yamadzimadzi pamwala, zomwe sizipangitsa kuti miyala igawike pansi pa dzenjelo.Matope olimba amakhala okwera, kuthekera konyamula zodula pobowola kumachepa, ndipo tinthu tambiri tambiri tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono sitingathe kutulutsidwa mu dzenje munthawi yake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti miyala yodulidwa mobwerezabwereza iphwanyidwe ndi kubowola, ndipo motero kumawonjezera kuvala kwa zida zobowola, motero kumakhudza liwiro la kubowola.
Pa kubowola, kutaya madzi ndi olimba tinthu zili matope mwachindunji zimakhudza khalidwe la matope keke anapanga pa dzenje khoma.Kutayika kwamadzi kwamadzi obowola ndi kochepa, keke yamatope ndi yopyapyala komanso yolimba, ndipo chitetezo cha khoma ndi chabwino, chomwe chiri cholinga chathu.Zomwe zimakhala zolimba kwambiri zidzawonjezera kutayika kwa madzi m'matope, zomwe zingayambitse kuyamwa kwa madzi, kuwonjezereka kwa hydration ndi kusakhazikika kwa khoma la mapangidwe a shale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti musatuluke bwino ndikukwera, zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi mu dzenje.Kuonjezera apo, ngati keke yamatope ndi yochuluka kwambiri komanso yotayirira, idzawonjezeranso kukhudzana pakati pa chida chobowola ndi khoma la chitsime, zomwe zingayambitse ngozi zokakamira mosavuta.
Zomwe zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, zimavala kwambiri makina ozungulira.Matope ochuluka amafulumizitsa kuvala kwa cylinder liner ndi pistoni ya pampu yamatope, motero kumawonjezera nthawi yokonza ndikuchepetsa kuboola bwino.Ngati zolimba ndizokwera kwambiri, zingayambitsenso kukulitsa khoma lamkati la chitoliro chobowola, kukhudza kusodza kwa chitoliro chamkati, ndikukakamizika kukweza chitoliro chobowola kuti chigwire makulitsidwe, motero kusokoneza njira yogwirira ntchito.Kubowola bwino kudzachepetsedwanso kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa nthawi yothandizira.
Panthawi yobowola, ntchito yamatope idzasintha ngati zodulidwazo sizichotsedwa panthawi yake chifukwa zimalowa m'matope nthawi zonse.Mchenga womwe uli m'matope ukapitilira 4%, umatengedwa ngati matope otayira.Iyenera kutulutsidwa ndikusinthidwa ndi slurry yatsopano.Matope ambiri ndi njira ya alkaline, ndipo kutuluka mwachisawawa sikudzangowononga zomera, komanso kumapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi alkalization ndi kukhudza kusinthika kwa zomera.Kuonjezera apo, pali zowonjezera zina m'matope zomwe zimapangitsa matope kukhala akuda, ndipo kutulutsa kwakukulu kumayambitsa kuipitsidwa ndi maso ku chilengedwe.